Why are microbes considered integral to ecosystem functioning?

Microbes are considered integral to ecosystem functioning primarily because they decompose organic materials. This decomposition process is critical for nutrient cycling in ecosystems; microbes break down dead plants and animals, as well as organic waste, converting complex substances into simpler ones that can be taken up by other organisms. This not only recycles nutrients, making them available for plants and other life forms, but also helps maintain soil health and fertility.

The role of microbes in decomposition is a fundamental aspect of the ecosystem because it supports the growth of producers like plants and ensures the stability of various ecosystems. Their activity also contributes to the overall health of the environment by reducing waste and recycling essential nutrients, thus facilitating other biological processes.