Which organ is primarily affected by carbon monoxide poisoning?

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless gas produced during incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. When inhaled, it binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells with a much higher affinity than oxygen does, forming carboxyhemoglobin. This interferes with the body's ability to transport oxygen, leading to tissue hypoxia.

While carbon monoxide affects multiple organs, the brain is particularly vulnerable to oxygen deprivation because it consumes a disproportionate amount of oxygen relative to its size and is highly dependent on a continuous supply. Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning can include confusion, dizziness, headaches, and even loss of consciousness, all of which are indicative of the brain's compromised oxygen supply. In severe cases, prolonged exposure can lead to permanent neurological damage or death due to the brain's inability to function without adequate oxygen.

On the other hand, although the heart, lungs, and liver may also be affected by carbon monoxide poisoning, the brain is the organ that is primarily impacted due to its critical need for oxygen and sensitivity to low oxygen levels. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of carbon monoxide binding and its effects on oxygen transport clarifies why the brain is the primary organ affected in this situation.